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Yes, the peacoat was a dress coat. I don't think it started out that way, but over time it evolved. Deck jackets were used for work parties, of which there were many in the the Navy, as I understand it.i don't know what it was like back when "ships were made of wood and men were made of iron" but when I was in the navy in the 80s the usual reefer coat was the green navy deck jacket. if you were on a working party and loading stores you wouldn't want the buttons ripped off your pea coat or have it stained by something leaking.
The non—impermeable, green deck jacket was a warm jacket. I have one. The impermeable, green deck jacket was also warm, as well as being water resistant. I have one of those as well that I use for chores around the farm when it is snowing or cold and raining.
While the deck jacket may have been referred to informally as a "reefer" jacket, the regulations don't refer to it as such. That honor is reserved for peacoats worn by officers. Still unresolved is why they were given that designation.