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Depending on how you make steam boiled water is essentially distilled.
That is simply incorrect. Steam is volatilazed water with all of the impurities, such as minerals, etc. still present. It takes the distillation process to remove these impurities through the "filtering" of the steam through the distiller as it cools.
Different places have better water than others. I live in Norway, and our tap water is very pure. You can certainly drink it from the tap with no concerns at all, and I'm pretty sure the calcium levels are within reasonable levels as well (I know Germany, at least, tends to have a much higher calcium content). But with the US being so vast, there must be some places with similar conditions as well?
There are many places in the US and throughout the world with very good drinking water. That doesn't mean it's good for steaming hat, as mineral content is what can cause problems ("hard" water, iron content, etc.). Additionally, many rural areas are on wells, and the water is not treated as in an urban water system. Couple that with the treatment of the water itself, such a flouridation, and you are adding salts and minerals to the water, all which can cause deposits on whatever it is you are applying the water to.
I use one of those pitchers that filter water. They aren't known for getting 99.999% of all things bad out of the water but it removes chlorine and particlates, and I've never had a problem using that on my hats (including the "white" hats in silverbelly, silvermist, etc).
If you look on the bottle of water it usually states what kind of filtering system, if any, they use to make sure the water is safe to drink, e.g., reverse osmosis. That's a huge improvement over the basic filter pitcher I use so I imagine it would be just fine. EXCEPT, KEEP in mind, some drinking water has stuff added to it so it tastes better! I think Dasani is one of the brands that does add minerals to their final product.
I'm not sure filtered water removes the kinds of minerals and the like that could cause a problem. I'd still trust distilled over filtered, personally. But if it works for you where you are, who am I to argue?